Demand-side management (DSM) progra...

Demand-side management (DSM) programs, which were make knowned in the 1970s, are a process for utilities to reduce overall output to their customers.

Many DSM programs have focused forward reducing customers' lighting consumption. According to the U EPA's recent Lights program, lighting accounts for at least 25 percent of all force consumed in the U Therefore, utilities gave rebates to users who installed energy-efficient constitutings such as electronic ballasts paired with compact fluorescent lamps (see table).

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While these programs were excessively popular, the ...